Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia Major: Soil Chemistry/Surface Chemistry PhD 1980

Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama Major: Agronomy (Clay Mineralogy) MS 1977

Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama Major: Geology Minors: Physics, Agronomy BS 1974

Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama Major: Music Education Minor: Instrumental BS 1971

Teach Earth science (SCI2234) and Geology (SCI3335).

Responsible for chemical and mineralogical analysis of industrial minerals and publication of reviews of mineral resources for public and private utilization. Worked with the Transportation Department to catalog test results on limestone aggregates. Conducted investigation of limestone aggregate resources in the State of Indiana.

Responsible for research on mineral resources and mining problems in the state of Indiana. Developed educational and outreach materials for utilization by the general public and teachers. Managed staff, budgets and research goals for the section.

Instructor, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown 1993-1994

Taught undergraduate mineralogy and petrology courses.

Responsible for chemical and mineralogical analytical procedure development and quality control for all analytical work performed at the Technical Center. Managed staff of three laboratories and pilot plant facility. Prepared budgets and allocated research staff and resources.

Conducted research into mineral resources, mining and reclamation problems for the State of Arkansas. Managed staff, prepared budget requests and directed research projects involving land restoration and hydrology of post mining areas

Administered funding for, and conducted research in, basic and applied research on phosphatic clay consolidation in clay settling area reclamation, and phosphatic ore beneficiation. Built and staffed a state-of-the-art research facility.

Mapped and correlated coal seams in the Warrior and Cahaba coal field and conducted research on the paleobotanical correlation of the coal seams.

Investigated the mineralogy and chemistry of coal liquefaction catalysts and the mineralogy and chemistry of low and medium temperature coal ash.

Geological Society of America (1970-)

Clay Minerals Society (1974-)

American Society of Agronomy (1974-95)

Soil Science Society of America (1974-95)

Sigma Xi (1980-)

Society of Mining Engineers (1980-95)

Mineralogical Society of America (1995-)

Barwood, H. L. 2003. The Bishop Copper Prospect near Lynch Station, Campbell County, Virginia. Mineralogical Record. 34:215-221

Marty, J, D.G. Howard and H. Barwood. 1999. Minerals of the Utahlite Claim, Lucin, Box Elder County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-6. 13 p.

Barwood, H.L. 1997. Pink and red variscite from Cocke County, Tennessee. Rocks and Minerals 72(4):268-272

Barwood, H. L., 1990, Potential for Recovery of Rare Earth Containing Minerals from the Granite Mountain Syenite, Final Report, 3M Corporation.

Barwood, H. L., 1990, Generation of Useful Products from Coal Combustion Wastes, Final Report, Grant No. DE-FG-88PC88910 U. S. Department of Energy.

Barwood, H. L., 1990, Mineralogy of the Granite Mountain Syenite, Pulaski County, Arkansas, Final Report, Grant No. 88-B-0025, Arkansas Science and Technology Authority.

Barwood, H. L., 1989, Mineralogy of the Granite Mountain Syenite, Pulaski and Saline Counties, Arkansas, Rocks and Minerals 64:314-322.

Barwood, H. L. and H. DeLinde, 1989, Arkansas Phosphate Minerals: A review and Update, Rocks and Minerals 64:294-299.

Barwood, H. L., 1989, Carboniferous Fossil Plant Localities in the Ouachita-Ozark Mountains Area of Arkansas, Rocks and Minerals 64:278-283.

Barwood, H. L., 1983, Mineralogy and Chemistry of Phosphatic Clays, In: Phosphatic Clay Workshop, S. W. Clark, Ed., Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Pub. No. 02-020-012.

Lyons, P. C., C. R. Meissner, H. L. Barwood, and F. G. Adinolfi, 1983, Megafloral Sequence and North American and European Correlations of the Upper Part of the Pottsville Formation of the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama, U.S.A. X International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Madrid, Spain.

Barwood, H. L., L. W. Zelazny, A. C. Gricius, and B. L. Murowchick, 1983, Mineralogy of the Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, In: Geological Society of America Field Trip Guidebook for the Annual Meeting.

Barwood, H. L., C. W. Curtis, J. A. Guin, and A. R. Tarrer, 1982, Identification of Minerals in Coal by Selective Cation Saturation, Fuel 61:463-469.

Barwood, H. L., J. A. Guin, and C. W. Curtis, 1982, Reduction of Sulfate to Sulfide during Coal Liquefaction, Fuel 61:470-471.

Barwood, H. L. and L. W. Zelazny, 1982, Phosphate Minerals in the Vesuvius, Virginia Area and notes on the Type Locality of Rockbridgeite, Rocks and Minerals 57:20-22.

Barwood, H. L. and L. W. Zelazny, 1982, New Minerals from Indian Mountain, Alabama and Cedartown, Georgia, Rocks and Minerals 57:152-154.

Boody, P. W. and H. L. Barwood, 1982, Phosphatic Clays Bibliography, 1973-1981, Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Special Publication 1.

Barwood, H. L. and D. P. Borris, 1982, Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Program in Dewatering and Consolidation of Phosphatic Clays, Proceedings, U.S. Bur. Mines Fine Particle Symposium, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Barwood, H. L., 1982, Plant Fossils. In: Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama Geological Society Guidebook, 19th Annual Field Trip.

Barwood, H. L., 1982, The cause of color in Fire Agate, Rock and Gem (August issue).

Barwood, H. L., 1982, Phosphate Minerals of Alabama, Rocks and Minerals 58:56-63.

Zelazny, L. W., D. A. Lietzke, and H. L. Barwood, 1980, Evaluation of Septic Tank Drainfield Failures and a Result of Soil Mineralogical Changes, Va. Water Res. Bull. 124.

Barwood, H. L., and B. F. Hajek, 1979, Differential Thermal Characteristics of Soil and Reference Quartz, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43:626-627.

Barwood, H. L., and B. F. Hajek, 1979, Notes on some Occurrences in Georgia and Virginia, Mineralogical Record 9:48-49.

Barwood, H. L., and B. F. Hajek, 1978, Notes on some new Occurrences in Alabama, Mineralogical Record 8:388-391.

Barwood, H.L., 1974, Iron Phosphate Mineral Locality at Indian Mountain, Alabama, Mineralogical Record 5:241-244.

Barwood, H.L. 2001. Practical aspects of cathodoluminescence petrography applied to alkali syenite and carbonatite. Society of Mining Engineers Abstracts and Program:68

Barwood, H.L. and N.R. Shaffer. 2000. Observations on silicification in geodes from the Mississippian Sanders Group of Indiana and Kentucky. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs:A310

Barwood, H.L. 1998. The 51 Quarry at Magnet Cove Arkansas: an alkali equivalent of alpine vein mineralization. FM-TGMS-MSA Symposium on alpine vein minerals. February 14, Tucson, AZ

Barwood, H.L. 1997. Using NIH-Image to convert powder X-ray diffraction camera films to digital diffractograms. Geological Society of America Abstracts with program. A-402.

Barwood, H.L. 1997. Invited to present lectures on: 1) Mineralogy of the Granite Mountain syenite 2) Turquoise group minerals and 3) Cathodoluminescence of rocks and minerals at the Atlantic Micromount Symposium. University of Maryland, May 3, College Park, MD

Barwood, H.L. 1997. Occurrence of turquoise group minerals in the eastern United States. FM-TGMS-MSA Symposium on copper and copper minerals. February 15, Tucson, AZ. In: Mineralogical Record 28(1):53

Barwood, H.L. 1997. Eastern turquoise group minerals. Symposium on turquoise. Sponsored by the Gem and Mineral Society of Washington, DC. August 2, 1997

Barwood, H.L. 1996. Cathodoluminescence in the study of rocks and minerals. FM-MSA-TGMS Symposium on fluorescence and luminescence in minerals, February 10, Tucson, AZ. In: Mineralogical Record 27(1):27

Barwood, H.L. 1996. A new technique for simultaneous staining of carbonate rock thin sections using non-compatible stains. Geological Society of America Abstracts with program. A-48.

Barwood, H.L. 1996. Carbonatites of the Arkansas River Valley. Centennial Symposium on Carbonate Minerals. Penn State University, September 28, 1996

Barwood, H.L. 1995. Mineralogy and origin of coal balls. Geological Society of America North Central and South Central Section. Abstracts with Programs. p. 37

Barwood, H.L. 1991 Mineralogy of the Arkansas Alkalic Syenites, Invited Speaker at the Weinman Mineral Museum Micromount Symposium, Rome, GA.

Barwood, H. L. and J. M. Howard, 1990, Rare Earth Fluorocarbonates at Magnet Cove, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, Geological Society of America South-Central Section, Abstracts with Programs, p. 2.

Barwood, H.L. 1989 Mineralogy of the Granite Mountain Syenite, Invited Speaker at the Neal Yedlin Micromount Symposium, Tucson, AZ.

Barwood, H. L. and P. C. Lyons, 1988, Plant Megafossils from the Savanna Formation, West Central Arkansas: A New Interpretation of the Age of the Arkansas Coal Fields, Geological Society of America North-Central Section, Abstracts with Programs, p. 333.

Barwood, H. L. 1988 Mineralogy of the Granite Mountain Syenite and Phosphate Minerals of Arkansas, Invited Speaker to the Cleveland Mineralogical Society.

Barwood, H. L., 1987, Limulid Trackways in the Roof Shales of the Paris Coal, Arkansas Academy of Science Annual Meeting Abstracts and Program.

Barwood, H. L., 1986, Mineralogy of Alkalic Pegmatites, Granite Mountain, Pulaski County, Arkansas, Geological Society of America, South-Central and Southeastern Sections, Abstracts with Programs, pp. 210-211.

Barwood, H. L., 1983, Age of the Section from the Upper Nunnaly Coal Seam to the Upper Thompson Coal Seam, Cahaba Coal Field (Abs.), Geological Society of America Southeastern Section, Abstracts with Programs, p. 89.

Barwood, H. L., 1982, Floral Zonation of the Warrior Coals Field, Alabama (Abs.), Geological Society of America Southeastern Section, Abstracts with Programs, p. 3.

Barwood, H. L., 1981, Medium Temperature Ash Mineralogy of Selected Appalachian Coals (Abs.), Geological Society of America Southeastern Section, Abstracts with Programs, p. 2.

1981 Phosphate Minerals of the Eastern U. S. Guest Lecture to the New York Mineral Club.

Barwood, H. L., L. W. Zelazny, and R. S. Weber, 1981, Soil Genesis from Diabase in the Triassic of Northern Virginia (Abs.), Agronomy Abstracts, p. 240.

Barwood, H. L., L. W. Zelazny, D. A. Lietzke, and R. W. Weber, 1979, Evaluation of Septic Tank Drainfield Failures as a Result of Soil Mineralogical Changes (Abs.), Agronomy Abstracts, p. 178.

Spectrographic analysis (ICP, AA)

Wet chemical analysis (colorimetric, titrametric)

Ion chromatography (IC)

Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Sample dissolution and preparation (Borate fusion, acid digestion)

X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD)

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis (wavelength and energy dispersive)

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence probe analysis (EDS, EDAX)

Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence probe analysis (Microprobe)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),

Cathodoluminescence microscopy (cold cathode)

Polarized light microscopy (PLM)

Reflected light microscopy (including metallography)

Petrographic analysis (including optical particle analysis, asbestos identification, spindle stage)

Petrographic staining and sample etching for contrast enhancement techniques

Image analysis (via NIH Image, Photoshop)

Preparation of thin and polished specimens

Ceramic, refractory and cement analysis

Structural analysis of minerals using powder X-ray diffraction techniques (Reitveld and fundamental parameters)

Thermal analysis (DTA, DSC, TGA)

Data analysis

Soil testing (Atterburg limits, Bulk Density, sieve/sedimentation size analysis, soil classification, water content) Aggregate sampling and testing (deleterious materials, LA wear, Sulfate Soundness, Freeze-Thaw resistance)

Aggregate petrography

Cement testing (water/air content, slump test, compressive strength)

Concrete petrography

Alkali silicate reaction testing

Hazmat 40 Hour course (1994-95)

GSAS methods (1998)

Nuclear Methods in Geology, summer course (six week session, 1989)

MSHA refresher course (annual)

Total Quality Management (1992-93)

Statistical Process Control (1991-1993)

Design of Experiments (1993)

Sensitivity Training (1987, 1991, 1996)

Legal Compliance training (one week course 1998)

MINERALOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHORUS IN NATURALLY

OCCURRING HIGH PHOSPHORUS SOILS

Seven soils were analyzed by x-ray spectrochemical, x-ray diffraction, physical, and chemical methods for total phosphorus, available phosphorus, morphology, and phosphate mineralogy. The soils were selected as representative of naturally occurring high phosphorus soils by examination of their geological relationships and proximity to known phosphate mineral occurrences. X-ray spectrochemical techniques were adapted and refined for examination of soil phosphorus, and heavy liquid separation techniques were adapted to aid in x-ray diffraction analysis of minute quantities of soil wavellite, an aluminum phosphate mineral.

Three soils high in total phosphorus were found and the minerals wavellite and apatite, a calcium chloro-fluorophosphate, were identified from these soils. Total phosphorus values for all soils studied ranged from 310 to 8877 ppm phosphorus. An Alfisol, an Inceptisol, and Ultisols were studied. Available phosphorus ranged from 0 (very low) to 768 ppm (extremely high). Distribution of total phosphorus by soil particle size fractions showed an even distribution of phosphorus throughout the soils. X-ray diffraction analysis of heavy liquid separations from selected horizons of high phosphorus soils detected wavellite as occurring in the B22 horizon of the Inceptisol. Diffraction lines not assignable to wavellite indicate that variscite coexists with the wavellite. Wavellite exists as distinct visible crystals in the C horizons of the Inceptisol and an Ultisol and was identified by single crystal and powder x-ray diffraction methods.

SEPTIC FIELD EFFLUENT INDUCED SOIL MINERALOGICAL CHANGES

Twenty four failed and non-failed septic tank drainfields were examined in five Virginia counties. Sixteen drainfields had evidence of a zone of alteration at the soil-effluent contact. All the drain-fields with zones which showed altered soil colors were sampled and investigated for chemical and mineralogical changes.

Fifteen zones of alteration showed a buildup of acid ammonium fluoride extractable phosphorus and 12 showed a decrease in exchangeable aluminum. Changes in the exchangeable cations in the alterated soil zones were: increased ammonium at 14 sites, increased calcium at 11 sites, increased potassium at 10 sites and, increased sodium at 8 sites. Magnesium decreased at 13 sites. Conductivity, pH and composition of the effluent were variable between localities. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) on a whole soil basis was variable due to differing clay content and variable amounts of reactive minerals in the sand and silt fractions. CEC calculated from the clay content and based on the whole soil CEC showed a general increase in the zone of alteration. Loss of magnesium was due to the high calcium to magnesium ratio in the effluent. Sodium and potassium were low due to selective uptake of ammonium which was high in effluents. Loss of aluminum, and subsequent interlayer removal, accounted for the increased CEC.

Mineralogical changes in the clay fraction of the altered zone were detected in 11 interfaces and consisted of loss of kaolinite at 10 sites, conversion of vermiculite-chlorite intergrade to vermiculite at 8 of the 14 sites that contained vermiculite-chlorite intergrade, and loss of gibbsite at 2 of the 7 sites that contained gibbsite. Loss of kaolinite, gibbsite, and interlayer aluminum was attributed to solubility of aluminum in high pH and low Eh systems with concomitant reduction of aluminum dissolved in the effluent by organic matter chelation. Significant increase in organic matter content of the interface (largest increase 1.3%), sulfide or clay crusting, and organic mats were not observed at any of the sites examined. Channels, developed where roots and cracks between large peds intersect the drainfield, showed well developed reduced zones of alteration.

At two sites the drainfield failed for reasons not related to installation, soil textural suitability, or clogging by organic/sulfide buildup. Mineralogical unsuitability of the soil was proposed as the reason for these failures. Based on this study, revision of standards for septic drainfield soils to include mineralogy is recommended.